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3. State of the Colony.Under these circumstances, drunkenness became fearfully prevalent; the freed convicts gave themselves up to unrestrained riot, and, when intoxicated, committed the most brutal atrocities; the soldiers also sank into the wildest dissipation; and many of the officers themselves led lives of open and shameless debauchery. This was the community Governor King had to rule. He made an effort to effect some change, but failed; and we can hardly wonder at the feeling of intense disgust which he entertained and freely expressed. 4. Mutiny of Convicts. Most of the convicts, on their arrival in the colony, were "assigned"----that is, sent to work as shepherds or farm-labourers for the free settlers in the country; but prisoners of the worst class were chained in gangs and employed on the roads,六合彩网站, or on the Government farms. One of these gangs, consisting of three o大学生英语比赛试题r four hundred convicts, was stationed at Castle Hill, a few miles north of Parramatta. The prisoners, emboldened by their numbers and inflamed by the oratory of a number of political exiles, broke out into open insurrection. They flung away their hoes and spades, removed their irons, seized about two hundred and fifty muskets, and marched towards the Hawkesbury, expecting to be there reinforced by so many additional convicts that they would be able to overpower the military. Major Johnstone, with twenty-four soldiers of the New South Wales Corps, pursued them; they halted and turned round to fight, but he charged with so much determination into their midst that they were quickly routed, and fled in all directions, leaving several of their number dead on the spot. Three or four of the ringleaders were caught and hanged; the remainder returned quickly to their duty. 5. Origin of Wool-growing.During Governor Kingr term of office a beginning was made in what is now an industry of momentous importance to Australia. In the New South Wales Corps there had been an officer named Macarthur, who had become so disgusted with the service that, shortly after his arrival in Sydney, he resigned his commission, and, having obtained a grant of land, became a settler in the country. He quickly perceived that wool-growing, if properly carried on,六和彩, would be a source of much wealth, and obtained a number of sheep from the Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope, with which to make a commencement. These were of a kind which did not suit the climate, and his first attempt failed; but in 1803, when he was in England on a visit, he spoke so highly of New South Wales as a country adapted for wool-growing, that King George III. was interested in the proposal, and offered his assistance. Now, the sheep most suitable for Macarthurrs purpose were the merino sheep of Spain; but these were not to be obtained, as the Spaniards, desirous of keeping the lucrative trade of wool-growing to themselves, had made it a capital crime to export sheep of this kind from Spain. But it so happened that, as a special favour, a few had been given to King George, who was an enthusiastic farmer; and when he heard of Macarthurrs idea, he sent him one or two from his own flock to be carried out to New South Wales. They were safely landed at Sydney, Governor King made a grant of ten thousand acres to Mr. Macarthur, at Camden, and the experiment was begun. It was not long before the most marked success crowned the effort, and in the course of a few years the meadows at Camden were covered with great flocks of sheep, whose wool yielded annually a handsome fortune to their enterprising owner. 3. 殖民地的基础情况.在这种情形下,酗酒成为恐怖的社会通病,香港六合彩开奖结果,取得自由的犯人不再受到什么控制,终日放荡,喝醉后兽行一直;士兵们陷进猖狂的浪费,良多官员自己也过上了公然的、伤风败俗的放纵生涯.这就是金恩长官不得不管理的社会.他试图尽力做些转变但并不胜利,咱们能够设想金恩蒙受这些时强烈的讨厌情感. 4. 犯人叛乱.尽大多数犯人在达到殖民地之后"各司其职"mm也就是说,以牧人或农夫的身份为在乡下的自在居民工作;而刑罚最重的犯人则被集中照管,负责修路或者在政府的农场工作.其中的一帮,大概有三四百犯人,驻扎在帕拉玛塔以北多少英里的城堡山一带.这帮犯人仗着人多,加上其中一些政治犯的煽动,突然动员了一场公开的叛略冬他们用锄头跟铁锹卸掉身上的镣铐,抢了 250 来只滑膛枪,直接向霍克斯伯里进发,准备在那儿收编更多的犯人,从力量上压倒部队.约翰斯通中校率领新南威尔士军团的 24 名士兵进行追击,叛军停下来,转而发动起攻.约翰斯通武断地杀进其中,犯人们很快被战胜并四散而逃,只留下一些当场被打逝世的犯人的尸体.领头的三四个犯人被俘获,处以绞刑;剩下的很快也回到本人的原来岗位上. 5. 畜牧业的来源.金恩担负行政主座期间开始了一项产业,现在已经在澳大利亚发展为支柱产业.新南威尔士军团中有一个名叫麦克阿瑟的军官,到悉尼未几,就出于对服役生活的厌倦,辞往了军职.他得到了一块土地,成为一名乡下假寓者.他很快发明如果在悉尼从事羊毛生产,进行顺利的话是个发财的好渠道.他从难看角的荷兰殖民地弄到了一些绵羊,开始了他的事业.这种绵羊不合适悉尼的气象,他的首次投资失败了.到了 1803 年,他返回英格兰勾留期间,他极力宣扬新南威尔士极为适合发展羊毛业,国王乔治三世对这一倡议很感爱好,为他供给了辅助.最合乎麦克阿瑟的养羊打算的羊种,莫过于西班牙的美利奴羊了.然而美利奴样却很难弄到mm西班牙人希看把有利可图的羊毛贸易把持在自己手里,把从西班牙出口这种羊的行动定为死罪.碰劲的是,作为一种特别恩情,乔治国王从西班牙人那里得到了几只美利奴羊mm国王自己是个狂热的农艺喜好者;国王晓得了麦克阿瑟的主意之后,就从皇家羊圈中送了一两只美利奴样给麦克阿瑟带到新南威尔士.美利奴羊在悉尼安全登陆,金恩主座在坎登给麦克阿瑟特批了一万英亩地,养殖实验正式开始了.很快,努力失掉了显明的回报,几年间,坎登的草场遍布羊群,每年出产的羊毛给它们的充满进取心的主人带来了丰富的利润. 【 1 、帕拉玛塔mm澳洲中文报纸多译为巴拉玛打,属于新南威尔士州(不是悉尼市下属的区,它的政府也不是区政府,而是和悉尼市平行的处所政府,同属新南威尔士州管辖).澳大利亚第二个最早的殖民地 ( 悉尼最早 ) ,澳大利亚最古老的城市之一. 1788 年,菲力浦将帕拉玛塔建成农场,作为早期殖民者的生存保障. 1790 年初具寓居范围,构成了当初的主要交换途径.那时候全部城内只有 552 名居民,其中 500 名是英国流放来澳洲大陆的罪犯. 1800 年开端树立病院、学校和教堂,成了当时殖民政府的中心地. 1855 年通火车, 19 世纪末曾经成为全国的行政中心.帕拉玛塔公园至今还保留着欧洲早期殖民统治的见证.其中的澳洲殖民政府古址mm OIDGOVERNOR HOUSE 始建于 1788 年,被称为澳洲最古老的建造.现在原址内仍摆设着澳洲最优美的殖民时代的家hh.距悉尼市中心以?/span> 24 >公里,距奥林匹克公园?/span> 6 >公里.现大约?/span> 70 >万人生活在帕拉玛塔及其周边地区,近百万人在该地区及四处地域工作.外来居民约占三分之一,华人最多其次是印度和黎巴嫩居民.西悉尼的市中央,西悉尼大学所在地,大悉尼的四个主要城市之一(悉尼市中心、帕拉玛塔、纽卡索和伍伦贡)和第二重镇(第二大社区),是澳目前发展最快的地区之一.泛西悉尼地区的经济中心和重要的商业服务中央,六合开奖结果,新南威尔士州主要的都市区,澳洲第六大中心商务区.近年跟着西悉尼的突起,帕拉玛塔成为了备受关注的投资热点?/span> 06 >?/span> GDP >已超?/span> 100 >亿美元,可口可乐、壳牌、三菱电器等世界五百强落户投资.主导产业是金融和保险业,也是西悉尼最大的金融业中心,过往十年年均增加率达?/span> 30% >.主要金融机构有独特体银行、汇丰银行、澳新银行等?/span> 2 >、城堡山m?/span> Castle Hill >,现为悉尼西北方向除了帕拉玛塔之外独一的大型城镇,位于悉尼核心城区西北?/span> 24 >公里,由一些小型的山地城区组成,林荫密布,空气清爽,华人爱好于此置业.设有澳洲天主教大学?/span> ACU >)的一个分部?/span> 3 >、澳洲畜牧业m?/span> >澳大利亚经济的主要支柱是养羊业,养羊业的开山祖师是麦克阿瑟,美利奴绵羊逐渐发展为誉满寰球?span>>?/span>>澳洲美利奴?span>>?/span>>?/span> 4 >、约?span>>?/span>>麦克阿瑟?span>1766-1834 >)m?span>1766>年生于英格兰?span>1790>率家人来澳大利亚服军役?span>1793>年他和其余军官一样受赐土地举行农场?span>1804>年退役?span>1805>年被?span>5000>英亩土地经营牧羊场而发财?span>1807>年他引导了反对布莱总督专制的奋斗.布莱下台后出任殖民地政府书记官,实际上成了殖民地的统治者,但?span>6 >月便下台?span>1825-1832>年任新南威尔士破法议会议员?span>1834>年在澳往世.麦克阿瑟毕生对澳大利亚最大的奉献是首创了畜牧业,是澳洲畜牧业的前驱者?/span> 5 >、美利奴羊m?span>2000 >年前仍是野羊,六合开奖结果,中世纪逐步在西班牙成为牲畜,并被当作奖品或礼物馈赠?span>1798>年澳洲人从西班牙引进,经由几代人的努力在澳大利亚不断繁育、改进、发展,养羊业成为澳大利亚的一大支柱工业.目前全?span>7>万个美利奴羊养殖场中?span>1>?span>6>亿头羊,其?span>80>%是纯种美利奴羊,占世界美利奴羊总数?span>70>%,其余的也带有美利奴血统.一头成年的美利奴羊体重?span>600?40>公斤左釉冬羊毛细微柔软,粗?span>20>微米,毛?span>10>厘米左釉冬是上乘的毛纺原料.每头羊一次可产?span>100?0>公斤.澳大利亚?span> >美利奴羊?/span> >产量占世界羊毛总产量?span>32>%,其?span>95>%供出口,销往世界各地?span>50>%出口亚洲,每年收?span>20>亿美元.澳毛可满意全世界对羊毛需要?span>45>%.澳大利亚是名副切实?span>>?/span>>美利奴绵羊王?span>>?/span>>?/span> >?/span> 澳洲旧事:IV--3、4、5 平定***与美利奴羊的引进 (责任编辑：admin) |